restic备份linux目录
restic是一个用go写的快速备份程序，它不仅仅支持备份到本地还支持远程，以及支持版本管理
安装
- macos
brew install restic- debian
apt install restic- 访问restic release下载对应的二进制https://github.com/restic/restic/releases
wget https://github.com/restic/restic/releases/download/v0.16.5/restic_0.16.5_linux_amd64.bz2
bzip2 -d restic_0.16.5_linux_amd64.bz2
chmod +x restic_0.16.5_linux_amd64
restic version初始化
- 初始化一个备份需要密码
restic init --repo /tmp/backup
# enter password for new repository:
# enter password again:
# created restic repository f41ad7ac1a at /tmp/backup
#
# Please note that knowledge of your password is required to access
# the repository. Losing your password means that your data is
# irrecoverably lost.- 可以通过设置环境变量来设置备份地址和密码
export RESTIC_REPOSITORY=/tmp/backup
export RESTIC_PASSWORD=123456
restic init
# restic init
# created restic repository d79e5ccb6a at /tmp/backup
#
# Please note that knowledge of your password is required to access
# the repository. Losing your password means that your data is
# irrecoverably lost.- 还可以使用文件和shell来输入设置密码
- 参数:–password-command，环境变量:$RESTIC_PASSWORD_COMMAND
- 参数:–password-file，环境变量:$RESTIC_PASSWORD_FILE
远程备份
- 使用sftp备份
restic -r sftp:user@host:/data/backup init- 还有其他支持的类型的备份参考官方文档
备份
restic -r /tmp/backup/ --verbose backup ~/work–exclude可以选择忽略备份的文件
可以通过snapshots查看备份
restic -r /tmp/backup snapshots
# repository d79e5ccb opened (version 2, compression level auto)
# ID Time Host Tags Paths
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
# eb8f1539 2024-07-11 11:20:07 docker /home/debian/work
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------备份管理
查看快照
restic -r /tmp/backup snapshots
# repository d79e5ccb opened (version 2, compression level auto)
# ID Time Host Tags Paths
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
# eb8f1539 2024-07-11 11:20:07 docker /home/debian/work
# 35d7dbd3 2024-07-11 11:48:20 docker /home/debian/work
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 2 snapshots挂载快照
mkdir ./mnt
restic -r /tmp/backup/ mount ./mnt- 通过tree可以看到挂载后会按id以及hosts等方式来存放快照
tree ./mnt
# ./mnt
# ├── hosts
# │ └── docker
# │ ├── 2024-07-11T11:20:07+08:00
# │ │ └── home
# │ │ └── debian
# │ │ └── work
# │ │ └── 123
# │ └── latest -> 2024-07-11T11:20:07+08:00
# ├── ids
# │ └── eb8f1539
# │ └── home
# │ └── debian
# │ └── work
# │ └── 123
# ├── snapshots
# │ ├── 2024-07-11T11:20:07+08:00
# │ │ └── home
# │ │ └── debian
# │ │ └── work
# │ │ └── 123
# │ └── latest -> 2024-07-11T11:20:07+08:00
# └── tags
#
# 20 directories, 3 files比较2个快照
restic -r /tmp/backup diff eb8f1539 35d7dbd3
# repository d79e5ccb opened (version 2, compression level auto)
# comparing snapshot eb8f1539 to 35d7dbd3:
#
# [0:00] 100.00% 2 / 2 index files loaded
# + /home/debian/work/456
#
# Files: 1 new, 0 removed, 0 changed
# Dirs: 0 new, 0 removed
# Others: 0 new, 0 removed
# Data Blobs: 0 new, 0 removed
# Tree Blobs: 4 new, 4 removed
# Added: 1.722 KiB
# Removed: 1.440 KiB删除快照
restic -r /tmp/backup snapshots
# repository d79e5ccb opened (version 2, compression level auto)
# ID Time Host Tags Paths
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
# eb8f1539 2024-07-11 11:20:07 docker /home/debian/work
# 35d7dbd3 2024-07-11 11:48:20 docker /home/debian/work
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 2 snapshots
restic -r /tmp/backup forget 35d7dbd3
# repository d79e5ccb opened (version 2, compression level auto)
# [0:00] 100.00% 1 / 1 files deleted
restic -r /tmp/backup snapshots
# repository d79e5ccb opened (version 2, compression level auto)
# ID Time Host Tags Paths
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
# eb8f1539 2024-07-11 11:20:07 docker /home/debian/work
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 1 snapshots还原
- 还原到本地的restore目录
restic -r /tmp/backup/ restore eb8f1539 --target ./restore
# repository d79e5ccb opened (version 2, compression level auto)
#
# restoring <Snapshot eb8f1539 of [/home/debian/work] at 2024-07-11 11:20:07.329664725 +0800 CST by debian@docker> to ./restore
# Summary: Restored 4 files/dirs (4 B) in 0:00- 查看备份的文件可以看到还有路径
tree ./restore/
# ./restore/
# └── home
# └── debian
# └── work
# └── 123
#
# 4 directories, 1 file参考资料
https://restic.readthedocs.io/en/latest/010_introduction.html